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Obstetric & Gynaecology History & Clinical Examination Hervinder Kaur Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, UHCW Obstetric & Gynaecology Lead for Warwick Medical School
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Obstetric History Age Gravidity Parity- (Preg>24 wks)+(Preg< 24wks) LMP; menstural cycle; conceived on pill; EDD History of this pregnacy : -Presenting complaints- when did they occur & how long they lasted, any investigation or treatment already ? -Low/high risk pregnancy? -Any problems in antenatal care so far ? -Fetal movements
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Obstetric History Previous pregnancy: - Previous miscarriages - Gestation & mode of delivery - Length of labour & complications - Third stage complications - Postnatal problems Medical & surgical history Drug history & allergies Family history- hereditary disorders, HTN,DM, twins or congenital malformation Social history- smoking, alcohol, drug misuse, occupation, housing & marital status
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Examination Consent, explanation & beware of supine hypotension General examination -Colour -Hand, eyes & mouth -Presence of oedema -BP & Urine -CVS & Respiratory system examination
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Abdominal Examination Inspection: abdominal scars, striae gravidarum, linea nigra & oedema Palpation: - Symphysio-fundal height in cm - Lie: relationship of long. axis of fetus to long.axis of uterus i.e longitudinal, transverse, oblique -Presentation: presenting part of fetus occupying the lower pole of uterus i.e ceph(vertex), breech -Position: Relation of denominator(occiput/sacrum) of presenting part to the quadrants of pelvis i.e ROA,LSP -Engagement: Widest diameter of head below the pelvic brim. No. of 5th head palpable above the pelvic brim -Amniotic fluid Auscultation: FETAL HEART
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Lie of Fetus Longitudinal lie Transverse lie
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Presentation of fetus
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Vaginal Examination Vulva Vagina Cervix-dilatation,effacement, position & consistency Presenting part i.e Vertex Station-cm in relation to the ischial spine Caput-swelling on the scalp superficial to periosteum of cranium,as a result of venous congestion, on the part of head most in advance Moulding- Overriding of the bones of skull Membranes & Liquor
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Gynaecological History Age, Gravidity, Parity LMP Contraception, Last cervical smear Presenting complaints: Nature & duration Relation to menstrual cycle Bowel symptoms Urinary symptoms Vaginal discharge Vaginal bleeding Previous Gynaecological & Obstetric History: PID/STI Endometriosis Previous miscarriages / preg<24 wks Ectopic pregnancy Pregnancies>24 wks & outcome
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History cont…. Medical Surgical Family history- Fibroids, endometriosis, cancers, DVT/PE Medications Allergies Social History
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Examination General- Conjunctiva, pulse Abdomen: -Inspection- distension of abdomen, mass, previous scar -Palpation- tenderness, mass( size, consistency),ascites, lymph nodes -Percussion -Auscultation Vaginal Examination Vulva Speculum (Cusco’s & Sim’s) - vagina (atrophy, mass, trauma, prolapse) - cervix ( ectropion, polyp, growth, contact bleeding, uterine prolapse Bimanual pelvic exam. – uterine/ adenexal masses /tenderness
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Competencies Examination of pregnant abdomen Examination of non-pregnant abdomen Speculum(Cusco’s speculum) examination
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Demonstration
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